Gay Marriage - 1250 Words

Running head: LEGALIZING GAY MARRIAGE Factors In Favor of and Against Legalizing Gay Marriage in the United States David Vance May 28, 2012 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Instructor Verhaegh Argosy University Factors In Favor of and Against Legalizing Gay Marriage in the United States Proposal/ Issue: Gay marriage should be legalized in the United States. Six Reasons For: Weakest to Strongest 1. Other countries (Denmark, Canada etc.) have legalized gay marriage. (Bidstrup, 2009) The United States prides itself on being the forefront and a leader in all things so they should be leading the way for gay marriage as well. 2. The definition of what a family is has changed significantly in†¦show more content†¦3. Homosexuality is a choice. If gays really wanted to get married, they could choose heterosexuality and enjoy a traditional heterosexual marriage.(Bidstrup, 2012) 4. Homosexuality and gay sex is unnatural.(Bidstrup, 2009) 5. The purpose of marriage is procreation.(Bidstrup, 2009) 6. Marriage is defined as being between a man and a woman.(Bidstrup, 2012) Strongest Reason Against: Marriage is defined as being between a man and a woman.(Bidstrup, 2012). This reason is the strongest because it is based upon the current laws in our country and on Biblical teachings. Marriage has been between a man and a woman since this country was founded over 200 years ago. It is a tradition that has been followed for centuries. According to Merriam-Webster, marriage is defined as â€Å"a (1) : the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law (2) : the state of being united to a person of the same sex in a relationship like that of a traditional marriage lt;same-sex marriagegt;† (Merriam-Webster, 2012). While there is no outright definition of marriage in the Bible, according to About.com, the NIV (New International Version) Bible in Genesis 2:18, 21-24 states, â€Å"The Lord God said, It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him...and while he was sleeping, he took one of the mans ribs and closed up the place with flesh. Then the LordShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1850 Words   |  8 Pageswhat it means to be a gay man – even if that is not the language that always would be used to describe homosexual behavior in a given place and time. In the United States, gay marriage has been legalized in all 50 states by a federal court ruling, but many Americans do not realize that there is still a long way to go in terms of embracing gay citizens (and the rest of the LGBT community) into the â€Å" societal norm.† Despite the strides that have been taken to legalize marriage for same sex couples,Read MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1848 Words   |  8 Pageswholly ashamed of. Gay marriage is legal in all 50 United States, something that has been fought for since the conception of the LGBT movement. In fact, gay couples are routinely being featured on popular television and other forms of media. Some might say that in 2016, the dreams of the rioters in Stonewall have been realized. Marriage rights and the spotlight on nighttime television; equality seems to truly be right on the horizon. If one is a white, cis, gay man, that is. Gay women are featuresRead MoreThe Supreme Court Ruling On Gay Marriages893 Words   |  4 PagesIts time for me to share my opinion and perspective regarding the Supreme Court ruling on gay marriages. Forewarning, this post will be long because I have more than just an opinion to express, but rather a story to tell which will enlighten anyone who chooses to read this as to what my true perspective and opinion regarding gay marriages. (and gay people in general as a Christian) A few months ago I faced a difficult time in my life. I was homeless and I had nowhere to stay with my newborn babyRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Accepted And Respected932 Words   |  4 Pagesopen-minded. The rise in the LGTB movement has allowed people to openly express their sexuality without being discriminated against. Although homosexuality has become more socially acceptable, some states still have anti-gay laws and there are numerous individuals who believe that gay marriage is harmful and unnatural. Hozier’s â€Å"Take Me to Church,† Demi Lovato’s â€Å"Really Don’t Care† and Macklemore’s â€Å"Same Love† demonstrate society’s discrimination of homosexuals and why homosexuality should be accepted andRead MoreThe Tragedy of Gay Marriage1757 Words   |  8 PagesWorst Thing About Gay Marriage† presents an interesting argument against gay marriage that hinges upon maintaining a traditional form of marriage. He act ually claims that gay marriage is â€Å"unnecessary†(381). According to Schulman, there are 4 primary effects of marriage within his definition he calls the kinship system. First, marriage protects and controls a woman’s sexuality. Second, the possible pairings are limited by the kinship system to avoid incest or other taboos. Third, marriage creates a situationRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage1464 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is one of the oldest, passed down traditions since the beginning of time. As humanity evolves through generations, traditions change, but the act of choosing your partner stays the same. For an example, not until President Barack Obama was in office, gay marriage was unacceptable. When President Obama announced that gay marriage was legal, that was a moment in history that will never be forgotten. The process of marriage continues to be the same, but each generation has been going outRead MoreGay Marriage And Gay Rights2550 Words   |  11 PagesComp II 8 May, 2015 Gay Marriage and Gay Rights For years there has been a debate on gay marriage and gay rights in America. Often government keeps pushing the issue back, or refuses to partake in the debates and discussions on whether or not this type of union is â€Å"legal† in the United States. My hope with this paper is to prove that gay marriage is not in fact unconstitutional, but that there is a right to freedom for everyone, no exclusions. When it comes to gay marriage, there seem to be a numberRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage Essay3392 Words   |  14 PagesWell it is 2007, and we are still dealing with the issue of gay marriage being good, and not good for America. Now maybe in 20 years gay marriage will be legal in each state, and this issue will be over. However, I deal in reality. And reality tells me the idea of two men frotting inside a home with children, frankly makes people sick to their stomachs. I prefer women, but I think what two grown people do in their bedrooms is their private moral, and legal business. Just like a straight couple thatRead MoreGay Marriage1280 Words   |  6 Pagesburrows, but flamboyantly celebrate their identities. The gays are now a people willing and ready to be heard. It has come to all of our attentions that in the light of marriage they have been depraved and deceived. Homosexuals cannot allow this persecution to continue, as they are constantly forfeited equal rights. The arguments are of lifestyle differences and the legalized discrimination of these people. It encompasses same-sex marriage as a cause worth fighting and defending so that we all mayRead MoreGay Marriage1041 Words   |  5 PagesCompare-Contrast Synthesis 10/11/2013 English 111x Gay Marriage Gay marriage is a topic that is heavily debated in this day and age. Whether or not it should be legal for homosexuals to get married is a theme that authors Andrew Sullivan, who wrote â€Å"For Gay Marriage† and William J. Bennett, who wrote â€Å"Against Gay Marriage† use in there articles. The main points the authors both discus is the meaning of marriage itself, the social impact same sex marriage will have on society, and the influence on children

Child Has A Rare Genetic Disorder - 1041 Words

Iris’ eyes dilated with terror as she held her newborn. â€Å"My baby!† Iris wept. â€Å"What’s wrong with my baby?!† Shriveled skin and huge oozing blisters plagued the baby s entire body as it shrieked almost as loud as Iris wailing. I m sorry, Ms. Macadamia, but your child has developed a rare genetic disorder, --But it will go away...won t it?! My baby won t be a monster forever? Ma am your child has butterfly syndrome. I m sorry. No! My precious baby! Can t you fix it?! I d do anything! The doctors exchanged anxious glances. We could cocoon your baby...but not many babies have been cocooned yet-- Please! Please, anything! Ms. Macadamia, this process is not entirely safe and we are unsure of†¦show more content†¦She knew this was what was right. This is what her husband would want her to do. Okay Ms. Macadamia. As long as your son is in his cocoon, you may visit him, but he will not be conscious. Thank you. God bless you, Dr. Fern. One week zipped by before Iris left the hospital, dewy-eyed. The next time she d be with her boy he would be taller and heavier. He d have actual hair and longer fingers and bigger feet. But he would be cured. On her first visit a couple weeks later, she examined her child. His wounds from birth had deceptively shrank, he had been released from his protective shelter, he would have many more outbreaks. His genetic disorder would have to be completely out of his system in order to save him from an abnormal life. Good morning, Ms. Macadamia, said a doctor with porcelain skin and diamond eyes. Today I have been assigned to show you how our cocoon works. It is required that anyone participating in an experiment must understand exactly what they are doing. Iris nodded, watching her baby, comatose in his safe-haven. In this machine, his DNA will be meticulously altered so that he no longer possesses the symptoms of Epidermolysis Bullosa. Iris smiled. But you do understand, he will be five years old by the time the cocooning process is over. Yes, I would rather give him the life he deserves no matter the time it takes. Okay, Ms. Macadamia. Today is the last day that you may have anyShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1584 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion. The subject of abortion has become one of the most controversial issues in health care; deciding whether to abort a life or keep it. There are many ethical issues surrounding the topic. When does the fetus become a person? Is it when they grow arms and legs? Is it when there is a heartbeat? Is there an exact point, where ethically, having an abortion is wrong? There are many reasons people opt to have an abortion. Perhaps the child is bared through non consensual sex or from the failureRead MoreThe Pregnancy Occurs : The Chance Of Successful Implantation After Ivf And Pgd1471 Words   |  6 Pagescases not enough eggs are produced or fertilised in the process of IVF which could lead to some embryos not surviving the PGD procedure. Another disadvantage which is rare but there is still a possibility of it happening is that all eggs c ollected for IVF all are tested as embryos and all are affected by an inherited genetic disorder or disease. This is a disadvantage because it means that after the whole process and cost of the IVF and PGD treatment it means that all embryos will possibly be discardedRead MoreProgeri A Little Known Progressive Genetic Disorder1014 Words   |  5 PagesProgeria is a little known progressive genetic disorder. This extremely rare, highly fatal, genetic disorder, which comes from the Greek â€Å"progeros† meaning â€Å"prematurely aging† (Gale Encyclopedia, p. 2202). With the Greek language â€Å"pro† is meant to mean before, and â€Å"geras† meant for old were combined to create the meaning of this disorder. Commonly referred to as â€Å"Progeria†, this disorder is named Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome; HGPS for short, was first described in an academic journal by twoRead MoreCloning Persuasive Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagespractice that has the potential to vastly improve the lives of unlimited amounts of people. Although cloning may prove to be a useful remedy for many of today’s issues, there are those in the scientific and medical fields who remain vehemently opposed to its practice. It is for this reason that lawmakers, scientists, and doctors around the world are currently locked in a fierce standoff that will determine what if any, impact that cloning will have upon our ever-changing society. Each side has compiledRead MoreEssay on What ´s Prader-Willi Syndrome?738 Words   |  3 PagesPrader-Willi Syndrome, named after the doctors who described it in 1956, is a rare genetic mutation involving missing genes on chromosome 15. The syndrome has two distinct stages and affects the growth and development in patients diagnosed with the disorder. The most major symptom of this disorder is the irregular appetite causing severe weight gain. Prader-Willi syndrome is the most common genetic cause of life-threateni ng childhood obesity and affects a patient for their entire life span. The syndromeRead MoreEssay DiGeorge Syndrome- A Genetic Disorder952 Words   |  4 Pages A genetic disorder, such as DiGeorge syndrome, is an illness caused by one or more abnormalities, which can be passed down through parents, DNA, or mutations. DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is a rare type of a genetic disorder which is caused by the deletion of chromosome 22. DiGeorge syndrome affects many parts of the body and has a prevalence of 1: 4000 The signs and symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome vary from mild to severe. Symptoms can differ depending on how highly the affected areas are and the severityRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1030 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Defining what is abnormal is not necessarily easy. There are many different criteria to determine what exactly is normal and what is abnormal. According to Ciccarelli and White (2012) as early as 3000 B.C.E. there have been human skulls found with holes in them. Archaeologists suspect this was caused because of the treatments they had years ago such as â€Å"trepanning†. Trepanning is done nowadays as well to remove extra fluids from the brain, as for years ago doctors didRead MoreThe Genetic Disorder : Prader Willi Syndrome1558 Words   |  7 PagesPrader-Willi Syndrome is a genetic disorder that is passed down maternally. The paternal genes of the chromosome 15 in the region of q11-q13 are deleted or unexpressed. The result of these deletions carries distinct phenotypes that differentiate PWS from other disorders (Bà ¶hm, 2014). Some characteristics are a short stature, and specific facial features that tend to make the affected persons resemble one other such as seen in Down syndrome. This typically includes â€Å"almond-shaped eyes, a thin upperRead MoreDefinition Of Disease Of Dwarfism1336 Words   |  6 PagesDefinition of Disease Dwarfism is defined as short stature of 4 feet 10 inches or shorter. This results from a genetic or medical condition. The average height of a person with dwarfism is 4 feet tall. According to the Mayo Clinic, â€Å"There are many things that can cause dwarfism, however; the disorders are divided into two broad categories† (Medical Education, 1998). The first category is called Disproportionate dwarfism, this is when a person’s body parts and limbs may be smaller, larger, or averageRead MoreShould It Be Publicly Funded? Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesSex selection or genetically altering embryos (‘designer babies’). This technology is also not allowed to be used to select for embryos with a particular genetic impairment. For example, if a parent wanted their child to have the same genetic condition as them. Ethics approval is not needed for single gene, sex-linked and chromosomal disorders but it is required for tissue typing. It cannot be used for sex sel ection because of social reasons. There are ethical objections which make the extension

Absent Father Free Essays

No Love Lost, No Love Found That father and daughter bond, the sweetest love I’ve never known. I’ve seen my father over a thousand times wondering if he’s ever seen me. Looking with his eyes wide shut. We will write a custom essay sample on Absent Father or any similar topic only for you Order Now It seemed as if over the years he was disappearing, fading into the black. A fragment of what I thought I needed but in all reality became as pointless as the conclusion to book that I’ll never finish My father has managed for eighteen years to be a part of my life without being a part of my life. He lives right around the corner from me in a two story home that’s painted light brown. It looked like s fluffy double stacked pancakes and when the sun hit the satellite dish on the top of the roof it made the top half of the house shine like syrup running off the top. For a while all I knew my father by was this house, I got ideas of what he might be like by looking at this house. I thought of him as a full bodied man because instead of having one front door he had two. So I thought maybe he couldn’t fit through just one. I imagined him as a strong wide bodied linebacker with a soft side due to the fact that he had a colorful; well-kept garden on the side of the house. The day I met my dad not my father who had raised me but my dad. I truly realized that I was imagining him with my heart and not my mind. He stood as tall as a palm tree sighting beach side, with arms as long as a boardwalk. He never even attempted to say a word to me or ask me how I was doing in school. Instead he pieced me with his beany brown eyes that appeared to be rising off of a yellow back drop. He looked at me as if I had stolen his joy. I reached out to hug him but he reached out his hand for me to shake instead. His fingers felt like ice cycles penetrating my skin. I thought to myself how someone with such a warm appearance could be so cold on the inside. Sad to say, I know this doesn’t sound like the best first impression but over the years as bad as our first encounter was it was the best one yet. Because from here on out my so called daddy began to look a lot more like George Washington and Andrew Johnson. All I saw of him was the money he sent every month. Even though my dad may have stopped looking at me I kept my eye on him. Like I said earlier he lived right around the corner from me. I could lookout my bedroom window and see directly into his backyard. I would watch his every move like if he were my favorite TV show. He moved very quickly like a fire running through a dry forest. It was like he moved so quickly but looked as if he took his time because he was so smooth with it. All he did was go to work, watch late night re runs of games, and order out. At least that’s all I got from watching through his backyard, trash and sliding glass door. He was so consistent like just as sure as Monday was coming after Sunday. He was very predictable, I felt as if I’d seen enough. I know this may not sound like much but this is all I knew of my father. I haven’t seen or looked for him in three years. I never even knew his name. I named him Randy due to the fact that IM his only child and my name is Brandy. I may have never got to have a full blown out conversation with†Randy† I know we are nothing alike. He is so empty. A cactus in the desert would have more life then he did. I never understood why or how my very own father could be so cold and emotionless towards me. But one thing I learned from my father was to appreciate what I do have and to stop worrying about what I don’t have. So if you were to ask me about my father today I will simply tell you â€Å"Out of sight out of mind. † How to cite Absent Father, Papers

Gildemesh Essay Example For Students

Gildemesh Essay Destiny in Gilgamesh and The Iliad Stories do not need to inform usof things. From Gilgamesh for example, we know that some of the people who livedin the land between the Tigris and Euphates rivers in the second and thirdmilleniums BCE. We know they celabrated a king named Gilgamesh; we know theybelieved in many gods; we know they were self- -consious of their owncultivation of the natural world; and we know they were literate. In the story,The Iliad we also know that great rulers and gods ruled and where top priorityof the lands. Point being it can be argued that the story of Gil- -gamesh andthe Iliad destinys are quite the same in relivence of the wars and the ways oflife both of the storys complete to meaningful death. In hand which comtr- -ibutesto both of the epics. In the story of Gilgamesh, it is important to look carefulwhat happened in the story; that is , look at it as if the actions and people itdescribes actually took place or existed. The questions raised by a characters actions discuss the implic- -ations of their consequences. But its not toconsider how the story is put together rather how it uses the conventions oflanguage, of events with beginings and endings of description of character andstorytelling itself to reawaken our sensitivity to the real world. The realworld is the world without conventions, the unnameable, unrep- resentableworldin its continuity of action, its shadings and blurrings of characterits indecipherable patterns of being. The Iliad and Gilgamesh storys is greatlya remminder of the way life is today; just different in time but neitherless tosay similiar in goals and destinys. Moreover, in the prologue of Gilgamesh itsfound to know that he was two- -thirds god and one-third man, and his knowledgeis the key that follows. Gilgamesh is a hero more beautiful, more courageous,more terrifying than the rest of us; his desires, attributes, andaccomplishments epitomize our own. Yet he is also mortal: he must experiance thedeath of oth ers and also die himself. How much more must a god rage againstdeath than we who are merely mortal! And if he can reconile himself with deaththen surely we can. In fact, without death his life would be mean- -ingless, andthe adventures that make up the epic would disappear. The story begins with thecoming of Enkidu. As a young man and a god Gilgamesh has no compasion with thepeople of Uruk. He is their king but not their shepherd; he kills their sons andrapes the daughters. Hearing the peolpes lament, the gods create Enkidu as amatch for Gilgamesh, a second self:Let them contend together and leaveUruk in quiet(31). The plan works in several ways. First Enkidu preventsGilgamesh from entering the house of a bride and bridegroom; they fight embraceas friends. Second, Enkudu and Gilgamesh undertake a journey into the forest toconfront the terrible Humbaba. There they encourage each other to face deathtriumphantly: All living creatures born of the flesh shall sit at least in theboat of t he west/ and when it sinks/when the boat of Magilum sinks/ they aregone but we shall go forward and fix our eyes on this monster.(35) Whileeverlasting life is not his destiny, Gilgamesh will leave behind him a name thatendures. I will go to the country where the ceder is felled/ I will setup my name in the place where names of famous men are written(32) ThusGilgamesh turns his attention away from small personal desires to loftierpersonal desires desires that benifit rather than Uruk. To remember from theprogue that the walls of the city, made from cedar taken from the forest, stillstand in actuality or imagi- -nation to proclaim Gilgameshs fame, and the veryfirst sentence of the epic attest to the immortality of his name. But theimmortality of a name is less the ability to live forever than to die. Third andmost important, Enkidu teaches Gilgamesh what it means to be human; he teacheshim the meaning of love and compassion, the meaning of loss and of growingolder, the meaning of mort ality!! However similar in the Iliad the main theme ofthe story is also war, unlike Gilgamesh theres two sides having war with eachother aswell as themselves and family. The epic begins with an arguement betweenthe greek king and the chief fighter. Homers outlook on the war itself isunique and compeling as where the battle between the greeks and the trojans arecaused mainly because of a woman. At the period women where belittled andtreated like whores and it was all fine. A war that was so intense the god Zeuswas called upon to help, first off Apollo is angry because Agamemnon(king of thegreeks) has failed to let one of the gods priests ransome a daughter, Agamemnonhad alloted himself as a war-prize. Ag- -amemnon reluctantly gives girl up butinsists on taking in her place Briseis(achellis concubine; captured by thegreeks) who was originally assigned to Achilles-hence the wrath ofAchelles, which is the epics announced topic. Achelles complains to hismother Thetis, who presuades Zeus to let the trojans prevail in battle, untilAchelless honor is satisfied. Thats the thing about this war between theGreeks and Trojans all of the flat characters of these two stories seems to betheir destiny to die with honor. Later to find out in the story of the Iliadwhen the cheif fighter Hector leads the Trojans through the greeks wall withvingance. Poseidon disobeys Zeus and help rally the greeks. Poseidon keepsAgamemnon from calling retreat to the ships, while hera (borrowing a magicgirdle from Aprhodite) seduces Zeus and lulls him to sleep. Hector is wounded bya stone, and the Trojans are driven back. Zeus wakes up mad at his wife andsends Apollo to heal Hector, who comes back and burns the Greek ships. Later on,Hector reproaches himself for not having retreated at the first appearance ofthe Achilles. He goes out to meet Achilles in single combat and is slain. So hefinally met his destiny. Achilles ties his body behind a chariot and drag it offto the greek ships. Finally, thes e are some contributes whereas the works ofGilgamesh and the Iliad are the same and virtualy look upon as the choosers oftheir own true destiny and thats DEATH. .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c , .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .postImageUrl , .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c , .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:hover , .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:visited , .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:active { border:0!important; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:active , .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5aca256be576f82929241d0fe19b14c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: CORPORAL PUNISHMENT Essay Mythology

A Quantum Computer... A Future Technology Essays (1331 words)

A Quantum Computer... A Future Technology A Quantum Computer... A Future Technology By the strange laws of quantum mechanics, Folger, a senior editor at Discover, notes, an electron, proton, or other subatomic particle is "in more than one place at a time," because individual particles behave like waves, these different places are different states that an atom can exist in simultaneously. Ten years ago, Folger writes, David Deutsch, a physicist at Oxford University, argued that it may be possible to build an extremely powerful computer based on this peculiar reality. In 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician at ATT Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, proved that, in theory at least, a full-blown quantum computer could factor even the largest numbers in seconds--an accomplishment impossible for even the fastest conventional computer. An outbreak of theories and discussions of the possiblity of buildig a quantum computer now permeates itself thoughtout the quantum fields of technology and research. It's roots can be traced back to 1981, when Richard Feynman noted that physicists always seem to run into computational problems when they try to simulate a system in which quantum mechanics would take place. The caluclations involving the behavior of atoms, electrons, or photons, require an immense amount of time on today's computers. In 1985 in Oxford England the first description of how a quantum computer might work surfaced with David Deutsch's theories. The new device would not only be able to surpass today's computers in speed, but also could perform some logical operations that conventional ones couldn't. This reasearch began looking into actually constructing a device and with the go ahead and additional funding of ATT Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey a new member of the team was added. Peter Shor made the discovery that quantum computation can greatly speed factoring of whole numbers. It's more than just a step in micro-computing technology, it could offer insights into real world applications such as cryptography. "There is a hope at the end of the tunnel that quantum computers may one day become a reality," says Gilles Brassard of University of Montreal. Quantum Mechanics give an unexpected clarity in the description of the behavior of atoms, electrons, and photons on the microscopic levels. Although this information isn't applicable in everday household uses it does certainly apply to every interaction of matter that we can see, the real benefits of this knowledge are just beginning to show themselves. In our computers, circut boards are designed so that a 1 or a 0 is represented by differering amounts of electriciy, the outcome of one possiblity has no effect on the other. However, a problem arises when quantum theories are introduced, the outcomes come from a single piece of hardware existing in two seperate realities and these realites overlap one another affecting both outcomes at once. These problems can become one of the greatest strengths of the new computer however, if it is possible to program the outcomes in such a way so that undesirable effects cancel themselves out while the positive ones reinforce each other. This quantum system must be able to program the equation into it, verify it's computation, and extract the results. Several possible systems have been looked at by researchers, one of which involves using electrons, atoms, or ions trapped inside of magnetic fields, intersecting lasers would then be used to excite the confined particles to the right wavelength and a second time to restore the particles to their ground state. A sequence of pulses could be used to array the particles into a pattern usuable in our system of equations. Another possibility by Seth Lloyd of MIT proposed using organic-metallic polymers (one dimensional molecules made of repeating atoms). The energy states of a given atom would be determined by it's interation with neighboring atoms in the chain. Laser pulses could be used to send signals down the polymer chain and the two ends would create two unique energy states. A third proposal was to replace the organic molecules with crystals in which information would be stored in the crystals in specific frequencies that could be processed with addtional pulses. The atomic nuclei, spining in either of two states (clockwise or counterclockwise) could be programmed with a tip of a atomic microscope, either "reading" it's surface or altering it, which of course would be "writing" part of information storage. "Repetitive motions of the tip, you could eventually write out any desired logic circut, " DiVincenzo said. This power comes at a price however, in that these states would have to remain completely isolated from everything, including a stray photon. These outside influences would accumulate, causing the system to wander off

Adlileh! Adlileh! the sound of my mothers voice Essays

Adlileh! Adlileh! the sound of my mother's voice Essays "Adlileh! Adlileh!" the sound of my mother's voice forced me to stir out of a deep sleep. "Adlileh!" I grunted slightly so that she would continue. "Adlileh my darling you would never guess the news I received today!" not waiting for my reply mother continued, "Your cousin's good mother's son's best friend's brother has agreed to marry you!" By this point I was beyond confused, that I just reflected my mother's excitement. "He is coming over this afternoon so there's no time to waste!" my mother yanked me out of bed and making list of what was in store for my today, "Your aunty is working on a dress for you." It only just came to my realisation that I had never met this boy in my life, "..Rayseh has agreed to do your makeup so that there is no way that he can change his min-" "Mother how can I marry someone I have never met before what if he is a vile, poor and rude." "Darling don't be ridiculous I wouldn't give you away to a man of any of those qualities, he is rich and has a lot of potential, besides you are 21 time to get married and start making a life with someone it's final anyways your opinion is irrelevant!" People fear the Muslims and their opinions because of the way they are portrayed global. Because of the recent attacks that have occurred during the last few years Muslims have been stereotyped as having warped ideas of what is truly right this article talks about the how people should far the opinions of the Muslim community in Britain which can be influenced through this stereotyping all the community as extremist.

Illegal immigration (cause and effect) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Illegal immigration (cause and effect) - Essay Example If prospective immigrants deem the chances of successful migration to be greater than the costs/ risks, illegal immigration easily becomes an option. The gains taken under deliberation take in not only projected improvements in earnings and living conditions, but also expectations in relation to latent residential permits in the future, where there is a path to citizenship or naturalization of illegal immigrants. The risks may take in restrictions on residing as an undocumented immigrant in the target country, parting with ones’ family and ways of life plus the possibility of being held and resultant sanctions (Borjas 12-13). Trade liberalization is one of the causes of illegal immigration. The quest for the benefits of globalization by developing states has seen them by adopt measures to liberalize trade. But the quick opening of local markets could possibly be a reason for displacement of a huge number of unskilled or agricultural workers, who are likelier to search for employment and a better quality of life through illegal immigration. This has been seen in North American Free Trade Agreement that has poor Mexican farmers who were not able to compete with the higher yield of US subsidize agriculture, in particular for corn. Wars in native countries and a search for asylum may be another reason for illegal immigration. Illegal immigration may be driven by the need to run away from civil war or repression in the home country. Non-economic push factors may include persecution (religious and non religious), bullying, oppression, repeated abuse and even genocide plus risks to nationals during war. Political reasons conventionally encourage refugee flows – to break away from autocracy for example. The ranking of illegal immigrant is in coincidence with or can be replaced by the rank of an asylum seeker for emigrants who might have run away from a

Technology Evaluation and Recommendation Research Paper - 1

Technology Evaluation and Recommendation - Research Paper Example At the same time as dealing with these challenges, business organizations always struggle with how to defend their intellectual property by minimizing the costs and harm to brand that can result from unintended exposure of employee and customer data (Penton Media, Inc., 2012). Additionally, data and information security has come on top on the list of the main issues that are being faced by information systems executives nowadays. In this scenario, there are numerous aspects and factors that cause serious issues to data and information security. Some of the important aspects that can create serious security issues can include illegal access to a computer or network, or storage room, destruction due to fire, flood, earthquake and hurricane. At the present, a large number of researches are being carried out to determine the ways and suggest solutions to make organizational data information more secure. In fact, it is essential to deal with these issues as they can cause customersâ€℠¢ dissatisfaction or even whole business failure (Loch & Carr, 1992; Penton Media, Inc., 2012; Shulman, 2006). This report presents an analysis of the potential threats to the data and also suggests solutions for them. One of the major security issues that can cause a serious challenge for data security is excessive privilege abuse. When database or application users are provided access to databases with privileges that go beyond the needs of their working job purpose, in this scenario, these privileges can be used for carrying out illegal tasks. In addition, a given data user ends up with extreme privileges for the simple cause that database administrators do not have the time to describe as well as update rough access privilege control method for every user (Shulman, 2006). This problem can be resolved by using various techniques. One of the basic techniques is a username and password based access. Though, it is easy to use but in many cases users forget their passwords and these passwords are accessed by illegal users. Another solution to deal with this problem is the implementation of effective security measures against the excessive privileges that is established through the query-level access control. In this scenario, the query-level access control mechanism will limit database rights to minimum necessary SQL processes (UPDATE, SELECT, etc.) and data. In addition, the granularity of database access control has to expand beyond the table to specific rows of columns in a table (Shulman, 2006). Another major threat is backup data exposure. This is another most important data security problem that is based on the backup database storage media that is completely unprotected from attack. As an effect, a number of high profile and data related security breaches can happen and any person can illegally access the database backup tapes and hard disks (Ponemon, 2007). Though, username and passwords based technique can be used to deal with this issue but it is not as much effective (as discussed above). In order to deal with this issue all data backups have to be encrypted. At the present, there are numerous encryption techniques available. Some of the well-known techniques that can be used for this purpose include public key cryptography and hashing. These techniques are very effective in protecting the data (Ponemon, 2007). T

Consumer Credit Act 2006 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Consumer Credit Act 2006 - Essay Example The Office of Fair Trading has been given powers of superintendence over the activities and licensing of the lenders and others involved in allied activities. The lenders have also been given the relief of approaching the court for enforcing improperly executed agreement without procedural formalities having been complied with. Overall the Consumer Credit Act 2006 is a fair measure to both parties concerned and in no way appears to give consumers any undue advantage over the creditors. Consumer Credit Act 2006 is an amendment act of Consumer Credit Act of 1974 having a long history. The amendment was necessitated to provide for certain reforms in consumer credits and consumer hire agreement along with exemptions. Besides, it seeks licensing of all the related activities, empowering debtors to act against unfair relationship with the creditors and creation of an Ombudsman scheme to reddressal for complaints under the 1974 Act as amended up to date. This paper seeks to enquire whether the amendment act of 2006 is going too far to protect the consumers against the creditors and suppliers. Hence principles of Consumer Credit Act 2006 will be examined and whether the act gives too much leverage to the consumers who are the debtors to the detriment of creditors and suppliers. Literature review is a part of methodology of qualitative research. ... Hence principles of Consumer Credit Act 2006 will be examined and whether the act gives too much leverage to the consumers who are the debtors to the detriment of creditors and suppliers. Chapter 2 .Literature Review Literature review is a part of methodology of qualitative research. It forms the secondary data required for the research. The aim of the present study will be largely facilitated by review of literature on the subject chosen for the research; that is whether consumer credit act of 2006 has gone too far in pampering the consumers/debtors with too many privileges to the disadvantage of the suppliers/creditors. Background Expananotory note to the act of 2006 state that Government mooted in 2001 review of the 1974 Act through consultations with the interested parties on the impact of the then existing rules regarding information disclosure, premature settlement, unfair credit transactions, licensing of consumer credit agencies, financial limits beyond the coverage of 1974 Act and consumer reddressal mechanism. Following this, a white paper was published in December 2003 captioned "Fair, Clear and Competitive - The Consumer Credit Market in the 21st Century". At the time Government had been seized of the problem of over-indebtedness and trying to find solution to it by consultations with the industry, representatives of the consumers and advisers, as a sequel to which Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and Department for Work and Pensions jointly brought out paper entitled "Tackling Over-Indebtedness- Action Plan 2004". The major issues encompassed by the 2006 Act are 1) how consumer credit agreemen ts and consumer hire

Managerial Effectiveness In Indian Organizations Management Essay

Managerial Effectiveness In Indian Organizations Management Essay Purpose- This paper seeks to explore the dimensions of managerial effectiveness within the context of Indian organization and to analyze the impact of experience and level of manager (senior, middle, junior) on their overall effectiveness, and also to compare the female and male counterparts. Design/Methodology/ approach- This study based on Motts scale to explore the dimensions of managerial effectiveness adopted by managers while discharging their functions and responsibilities. The scale is used to analyze overall effectiveness and also subsets of effectiveness i.e. productivity (three items), flexibility (three items), and adaptability (two items). Findings- Results of study presents a pattern of relationship between dimensions of managerial effectiveness within the context of Indian organization. Practical implications- Study through its empirical evidences provide a clear picture of managerial effectiveness perception of Indian managers at different level and further help managers to improve his/her managerial performance. Originality/ Value- The study enrich the existing literature and theories of managerial effectiveness and provide understanding of the issue of managerial effectiveness in Indian organization. Keywords- Managerial effectiveness, Indian organization, productivity, adaptability, flexibility, responsiveness, resources. Paper Type- research paper. Introduction With Increasing cut throat competition and dynamic business environment around the globe Organizations require a team of effective managers to run the day to day operations. Managers play significant role in the development, formulation, and execution of the organizations long as well as short term strategies that determines the organizations success. As mentioned by the Peter F. Drucker; Management is a dynamic, life giving element in every business; without it the resources cannot be converted into high production. There are many attributes which are the necessities of time and critical to delivering improved results, effective operations, and programs (Kotter, 1995; Hacker and Washington, 2003). In the ever changing business environment and with increased dependency of business on information technology, managers are required to sort-out new ways to facilitate production and sustainable growth of self as well as of the organization. Regardless of its increasing importance, the fie ld of managerial effectiveness has been neglected as compared to other issues of management (Willcocks, 1992). So it is the need of the hour to study managerial effectiveness in a new dimension and dynamic business environment. Managerial Effectiveness The concept of managerial effectiveness has always been a big issue of concern for academicians, scholars and practitioners. The problem is mostly attributed to the presence of a great deal of misunderstanding and vagueness regarding What is Effectiveness? and who is an effective manager? (Brodie and Bennett, 1979, p.14). Due to its complex nature and vast sphere, in literature managerial effectiveness has been defined in different ways (Langford, 1979). Brodie and Benett (1979, p.14) defined it as, results and consequences, bringing about effects, in relation to purpose, and giving validity to particular activities. Reddin (1974) explained managerial effectiveness as the degree to which managers achieve the output requirements corresponding to their respective positions. In other words it is the act of fulfilling multiple expectations rather than optimizing one (Kirchoff, 1977), while Drucker (1988) termed effectiveness as the foundation of success. Boyatzis (1982, p. 35) underlined effectiveness as qualities, intrinsic abilities or personality strengths of an individual. Mintzberg (1973, p.24) defined effective manager as one who identifies the need to understand the functions and uses the available resources to carry out managerial functions. Rastogi and Dave (2004) explained effectiveness as something a manager generates from a situation by managing it appropriately, and thereby achieving the targets in every sphere of the organization. Managers have many resources and authorities at their disposal and the performance of any organization is largely dependent on how well these resources have been utilized (Rastogi and Dave, 2004). So, the ability of the managers and the techniques to increase their degree of effectiveness is becoming important day by day (Analoui, 1997). Why organizations need effective and skilled executives? because effectiveness is a key component which enables an executive for effectual operation and delivery of complex initiatives (Analoui et al. 2010). Effective managers also provide leadership to the business and help in achieving core objectives of the organization. Drucker (1967, p.1) explained that an executive is expected to get the right things done and this is simply saying that he is expected to be effective. So from the available literature study it can be concluded that there have been as many explanations as there are researchers in the field, and there is not a single clear cut definition for managerial effectiveness, which could be single handedly applied in every aspect of management. Comprehensive review of literature reveals the three important perspectives of research areas of the managerial effectiveness are Conventional Perspective, Organizational level proficiency based perspective and individual level competency based perspective. Conventional approach stresses the ability to set and achieve goals (Bartol and Martin, 1991, p.11) and explains that it is the managerial effectiveness which is responsible for organizational effectiveness. The organizational level proficiency based theory explains that internal and external factors have influence on long term future orientation of the organizations. Organizations mission, vision, and strategic plan formulation plays vital role in achieving future goals. This approach further divulges that any organization incorporates the internal resources i.e. man, material, money, machinery, know-how and the external surroundings as a system to accomplish tactical intent. The individual competency approach focuses upon the in dividuals rather than the association of external actors and puts stress on the enhancement of convenient management skills and tactics. Katz (1974) allied managers job with three major dimensions-technical, conceptual, and human. So it can be said that the efficiency of any organization can be amplified by the effective union of all the above three dimensions. Analoui (1995, 1997, 1999, and 2007) proposed following eight parameters (i.e. Managerial perception; The need for managerial skills; Organizational criteria; Motivation; Degree of demands and constraints; Presence of choices and opportunities; Nature of intra- and inter-organizational relationships; and Dominant managerial philosophy) of managerial effectiveness and explored that personal, organizational and environmental contextual factors influenced these parameters significantly. Mott (1971) also developed an instrument to measure managerial effectiveness and identified productivity, adaptability, flexibility as the dimension of managerial effectiveness, while in another study, Jain (1999) has recognized three dimensions of executive effectiveness namely fu nctional, interpersonal, and personal effectiveness. Drucker (2006) further identified the following eight factors : need identification, familiarity with organization culture and climate, development of action plans, responsiveness towards decisions, effective communication, taking advantage on opportunity, productive meetings and, team work, which are very common and enables the executive with required content knowledge and also helps him in translation of this knowledge into advantageous output. Sen and Saxsena (1999) enrich the list by adding i.e. do right things; focus on self contribution; time handling; motivational aspect; management of change; value system and ethics; as some important traits of an effective manager. In another study, Bao (2009) explored that provisions of necessary resources, appropriate staffing, training, and setting achievable goals are the factors that are able to promote managerial effectiveness. Stewart (1991, p.102) pointed that demand, constraints, and available choices of jobs are three important ele ments that are required in order to be an effective manager. The above discussion suggests that different researchers have highlighted different dimensions and aspects of managerial effectiveness and also suggests mapping of the degree of effectiveness of any individual basis not only on his skills, knowledge and personal competencies but also on his interpersonal interactions and the ways how he manages his team. Scope of the study Managers have been defined as those who organize business activities and every organization depends on managers. With growing competition, boom in information technology and availability of substitute products and services, job of a manager has become very complex and important. Not only the organization but also the development of any nation depends upon the effectiveness and contribution of its people. India is being a rapidly growing country and with different dynamic market forces (i.e. science and technical breakthrough, economical growth, infrastructure development, flow of FDI, Global Mergers and acquisition of firms etc.) increasing in number and tendency, needs organizations equipped with effective and efficient managers who can optimally utilize the available resources, and can contribute in the national development. So, it is very important to explore the perception of Indian managers towards different dimensions of managerial effectiveness. Objectives and Aims of Study Main objective of this paper is: To explore the perception of managers towards dimensions of managerial effectiveness. To investigate the managerial effectiveness perception of managers at different level (senior level, middle level, and junior level) To compare managerial effectiveness perception of male and female managers in Indian organization. Research Methodology Sample, Size and Instrument The study targeted all level of managers (senior, middle, and junior level) in large public and private sector companies in India and based on primary data. A survey was carried by means of a self administered and open ended scale developed and validated by Mott (1971). The scale basically divided in to three subscales (productivity, adaptability, and flexibility) consisting of eight items. The Cronbach alpha for the present scale is .78 as overall effectiveness scale. After establishing rapport, the subjects are asked to tick mark his or her choice against any of the five statements in each set. Scoring for the scale was done manually after getting response. There is no right or wrong answer to the statements or items. A total 63 response collected from 16 Indian (Service and manufacturing both) organizations (Details given in Table I). After collection of response data was initially administered by using Factor analysis, average and means. Factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensions of the factors and also to explain the variance in the observed variables in terms of latent factors (Kundu, 2003). Finally mean of the overall scale used to interpret managerial effectiveness with experience, position held by executive. Profile of Respondents: Position, Gender and Age A large fraction (Table II) of the respondent were male (N=52; 82.5%) and female comprise small fraction (N=11; 17.5%). Age profile of respondent varies with the youngest manager at 24 and oldest executive at 57 years old with average age of 40 years. All the respondents have some experience of work which varies between a range of 1 year to 34 years and with an average value of 16 years of experience. Most of the respondent (N=30) held senior level position, small portion (N=10) held junior level position and remaining (N=23) belongs to the middle level position. Analysis and Results Since the objective of this study is to find out the dimensions of managerial effectiveness. To achieve this, factor analysis has been used for data analysis. Before employing factor analysis data was examined whether the size of sample is adequate to run factor analysis and outputs shows that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO=.703) value is near to 1 and indicates that the patterns of correlations are condensed. Bartletts test of sphericity with approximated chi square value 91.068 and with 28 degree of freedom, which is significant at the 0.05 level and held the factor analysis appropriate. A total of 8 variables regarding perception of managerial effectiveness were subjected to principal component analysis with varimax rotation by using the factors with eigen value more than 1.00 were retained. Harman (1976) indicated that factors with Loading score greater 0.29 at the 0.05 level were significant but in this study the factors having loading greater than 0.4 were considered and included to define the factor. Factor analysis has extracted a good amount of variance with values of communalities vary from 0.465 to 0.838. Three factors were extracted on the basis of eigen value criterion more than 1 (ranging from 1.058 to 2.790) and explaining 63.334% of variance. Table III gives rotated loading of variables for extracted three factors, Eigen value, and variance explained by each factors. At last on the basis of results from statistical analysis (Table III) of primary data a total of three factors are extracted and explained hereunder. Productivity This is first factor which shows highest value of variance and measure the productivity in terms of physical output of product and service delivered. This factor also includes using new method of production for capacity enhancement, optimum and efficient utilization of resources, and problem anticipation. Adaptability Second important factor with variance value 15.237% includes the variables i.e. acceptance of new system design, and adjustment to new work situation. Quality Flexibility The last one includes two variables each for quality and flexibility and measure the perception of employees towards work quality, and coping with new emergencies rapidly and successfully. Table IV shows the pattern of correlation between the items/variables measured reveals the correlation among eight items/variables used in the study. It can be observed that variable 6 (acceptance of change) has highest correlation with Variable 7 (adjustment to new situation) with a correlation coefficient of .450 (p> .01) followed by variable 1 (productivity) with variable 5 (change management). Table further reveals that highest correlation is observed among variable 2 (quality) and variable 8 (damage control) with a value of .405 and followed by variable 1 (productivity) and variable 4 (problem solving) and further with variable 4 and variable 5. Overall correlation matrix reveals the association among variables is statically significant. Table V shows the mean value of overall managerial perception of managers held different position and having varying work experience. It shows mangers at senior level (with mean value 3.42) have significant in compare to junior level (with mean value 3.06) but very little low than managers at middle level (mean value 3.5). The overall mean value of scale is (with mean value 3.40) very near to mean value of senior managers but significantly differ in the case of junior level managers. Their managerial perception lies below the average score. Managers at middle level have larger value than total mean value of overall scale and they also show greater perception than both other levels. But it gives contrary results with increasing work experience, from junior to middle level it increases but from middle to senior level it falls again. Results also show that mean value (3.42) of overall perception of managerial effectiveness remains above from mean value of total sample (3.40) and the mea n value of male participants (3.36) remains little somewhat lower than mean value of total sample (3.40). Average work experience of male (26) and female (9) participant support that it has no a significant impact on overall managerial perception. Discussion This study provides an overview of managerial (senior, middle, and junior level) effectiveness perception. A scale consisting of subscale (productivity, adaptability, and flexibility) and eight variables used to get responses from the sample. Mott (1971) grouped these eight variables under three factors i.e. productivity (three items/variables production output, optimum utilization of resources, and adoption of new method of production), adaptability (three items/variables i.e. quality, problem anticipation, and acceptance of changes) and flexibility (it includes two items/variables adjustment to new situation and cope with emergencies readily and successfully). Luthans et al. (1988) in his study also explained the same variable and describe a model of managerial effectiveness. Results of present study reveals the grouping of variables under the factors, factor analysis sorted the three important factor which are explained as productivity (including four items/ variables production output, optimum utilization of resources, and problem anticipation, and adoption of new method of production) As result shown in Table III, productivity has the maximum variance with 34.881% it shows that managerial productivity is highly related with managerial effectiveness and it is measured by the extent of their output (Laufer and Jenkins 1984; Reddin 1970; Campbell et al. 1970). Analoui (1997) explained that managerial effectiveness is depends on the extent of output of productivity. Dayal also (1984) in his study identified the developing capability of employees as an important dimension; the present study also identified the efficiency of employees as important variable for managerial effectiveness. Productivity of employees in this study includes items i.e. output of pro ducts and services, optimum utilization, problem anticipation and adoption of new method for production, these all variables can be concluded under competence of mangers and competence is identified by Gupta (1996) as one of significant dimensions of managerial effectiveness. Labbaf et al. (1996) referred competence as key stone of managerial effectiveness and also mean for improved organizational performance and effectiveness, and this competence further considered to reiterate the overall capability of management. Another important dimension of managerial importance which appeared from the study is the adaptability (includes two items i.e. acceptance of changes, adjustment to new situation) and it shows some contrasting results from the literature (Mott 1971: Chauhan et al. 2005; Luthans et al.1988) and only two variable shows significant rotation loading (0.6978, 0.907) with factor two adaptability with a variance of 15.237%. The third factor which evolved from the factor analysis has been named as quality concern and responsiveness and include two variable i.e. quality of services and products, and cope with new emergencies readily and successfully with a variance value of 13.226%. The important findings from the study are that this study reassembles the variables/items of original scale with significant alpha value and correlation pattern for perception of managerial effectiveness. The study also (table V) found that effectiveness perception has little significant effect of work experience and position held and increases with the experience. Mean value for overall effectiveness increases from junior level (3.06) to middle level (3.5) and again falls from middle to senior level (3.42). These findings are in tune with Sriastva and Kumar (1984) who explained that junior level executive are less effective than middle level executive. The study also found that overall managerial effectiveness of female managers (mean value 3.42) is more than their male counterpart (mean value 3.36) and their overall effectiveness is also greater than the average effectiveness of the whole sample (with mean value 3.40) and support the view of Schwartz (1992) that if a company attrac t, promote, reward and values women it will speaks directly and also provide a evidence for equal opportunity on employment. Overall mean value for the effectiveness remains close to the senior level and middle level and it proves that degree of effectiveness raises with respect to the position of managers in the hierarchy of the organization. Results further explain the if all variables are considered independently than Variable like adjustment to new situation, quality, and optimum utilization of resources (Table III) shows the higher loading value (0.8 Conclusion and implications The present study aimed to explore the dimensions of managerial effectiveness within the context of Indian organization and to analyze the impact of experience and level of manager (senior, middle, junior) on their overall effectiveness, and also to compare the female and male counterparts. Results of the study support the findings of other studies and suggest that effectiveness of managers at work place is generally a function of items, and importance of these items vary form manager to manger and from organization to organization, and it is, therefore assumed as the extent to which a mangers achieves. Findings from the study indicate the changed perception of managers in Indian organization from past, the reassemblies of items and emergence of responsiveness as new factor shows it clearly. Each of three factor shows a good value of Cronnbach alpha (productivity 0.78, adaptability 0.69, and quality and responsiveness .74) and validate the reassembly of items in the factors i.e. productivity, adaptability, and quality and responsiveness. Furthermore, the study reveals that there is a clear indication that female managers are more effective as compared to their male counterparts and hence strives for increased number of female managers in Indian organization at all level. Another important finding of the study is that effectiveness is not associated with the age of mangers (it increases from junior to middle and again fall form middle to senior level). In case of junior manager the study support that training and development programs can play significant role to raise their effectiveness. On the basis of review of referred literature and empirical evidence from the study it is concluded that managerial effectiveness can be referred as continuous improvement of the output and it plays an important role in overall organizational effectiveness. 9. Scope for Future Research The present is study is based on the limited number of subjects and targeted organization, and also restricted to geographical boundaries. Further research can be done with large sample size and with more number of organizations. One more important aspect untouched by the study is the moderators and mediators of managerial effectiveness; these can be studies within same context with their degree of influence on effectiveness. Many scholars devised the items to measure the effectiveness (i.e. Analoui, Gupta, Dhar) but present study based on Mott scale. More research can be done with other available parameters also.

How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? :: American America History

How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? The Peace Protest Movement was a time in the Vietnam war when people disagreed with it. This was because of a number of things. The amount of money it was costing, The amount of people killed, but it originated largely from the massacre at My Lai. The reason that the happenings in My Lai, 1968 were so unpopular is because it was the first time that people back home, in USA and all around the world saw what was actually happening to innocent citizens who had done nothing wrong, as a result of Search and Destroy missions. The My Lai Massacre was the first incident to be televised during the war and therefore, it was only then that people realised what was actually happening in Vietnam. This caused a major uproar, which many people were involved in. Students played a major role, running demonstrations against the War, Veterans from the war threw their medals away in disgrace at what was happening, as well as a few more individuals, Richard Nixon, Coretta King, Dr Spock, Roger Laporte and Norman Morrison, who all did their own thing to symbolise the wrongs of the war. Teach-ins on why the USA should leave Vietnam, Railway Blocks with human barricades, Campus Demonstrations, Huge Public Demonstrations, Burning Draft Papers and even to the drastic case of burning themselves to death. Not all Americans supported the peace protest movement, if they lived with the enemy, they were the enemy and deserved what they got. Did My Lai harden the support for the War effort? I don't think so, but some people argue that it did. The thing that worried people is they didn't know how long that this sort of thing had been going on, without them knowing. The protests were not only aiming to try to stop the Vietnamese War, but also to remember all the other innocent civilians killed in other wars that weren't televised before Vietnam. I think that the main reason that the My Lai Massacre caused such an uproar was because it was the first time that anything of the sort had been televised and had so much media coverage, but could the peace protest movement have happened if the media were not involved? I think that it would have, but not to the same extent. How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? :: American America History How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? The Peace Protest Movement was a time in the Vietnam war when people disagreed with it. This was because of a number of things. The amount of money it was costing, The amount of people killed, but it originated largely from the massacre at My Lai. The reason that the happenings in My Lai, 1968 were so unpopular is because it was the first time that people back home, in USA and all around the world saw what was actually happening to innocent citizens who had done nothing wrong, as a result of Search and Destroy missions. The My Lai Massacre was the first incident to be televised during the war and therefore, it was only then that people realised what was actually happening in Vietnam. This caused a major uproar, which many people were involved in. Students played a major role, running demonstrations against the War, Veterans from the war threw their medals away in disgrace at what was happening, as well as a few more individuals, Richard Nixon, Coretta King, Dr Spock, Roger Laporte and Norman Morrison, who all did their own thing to symbolise the wrongs of the war. Teach-ins on why the USA should leave Vietnam, Railway Blocks with human barricades, Campus Demonstrations, Huge Public Demonstrations, Burning Draft Papers and even to the drastic case of burning themselves to death. Not all Americans supported the peace protest movement, if they lived with the enemy, they were the enemy and deserved what they got. Did My Lai harden the support for the War effort? I don't think so, but some people argue that it did. The thing that worried people is they didn't know how long that this sort of thing had been going on, without them knowing. The protests were not only aiming to try to stop the Vietnamese War, but also to remember all the other innocent civilians killed in other wars that weren't televised before Vietnam. I think that the main reason that the My Lai Massacre caused such an uproar was because it was the first time that anything of the sort had been televised and had so much media coverage, but could the peace protest movement have happened if the media were not involved? I think that it would have, but not to the same extent.

Police Functions Essay

Over the years, police have been portrayed in the media, television shows, and the local newspaper as crime fighting heroes. This portrayal would make one think a police officer is always out doing a dangerous job, which may require shooting, beating up, or arrested the bad guy. The truth is, most officers will not make a felony arrest in a given year, and there are also many officers who have never fired their weapon. There are various perspectives of the policing functions. I will examine these perspectives from the local, state, and federal organizational levels. I will identify and address possible future changes in laws and the overall impact these changes will have on the field of policing. Local Police Police, usually called law enforcement officers, apprehend criminals and investigate crimes. There are several other functions that the police perform. Local police have three main functions: maintaining order, controlling crime, and providing basic social services. Local police maintain order in different activities, such as traffic control in power outages, crowd control outside of a local football game, resolving domestic disputes, and removing drunken patrons from the streets. Police officers serve and protect. The main focus of maintaining order is keeping the peace rather than enforcing the law, so to speak. In different situations, officers may have to make an arrest to ensure the peace, but the appropriate order-maintenance solution often consists of less formal actions, like clearing crowds after a big game. Controlling crime is basically patrol and criminal investigation. Basic social service is calling police in an emergency situation. The majority of phone calls to the police are in need of social service as opposed to those relating to crimes. There are several factors that shape what police do. Police officers are available 24 hours a day seven days a week. People call on the police when they find themselves in an emergency situation and there is not another agency available. Because of this availability, it sometimes gives officers a heavy workload. Police work is different and unique from other jobs because these men and women are permitted to use force. Force in this case is deadly or physical force as well as arresting someone. Police officers have to be ready to shoot in a split second, if need be. Discretion is used in all areas of policing. Officers rely on their training as well as experiences to decide what to do when dealing with citizens. A wonderful example of discretion is an officer giving you a warning for speeding as oppose to upholding the law and issuing you a citation. State Police State police are a part of The Department of Public Safety. Every state with the exception of Hawaii has its own police force possessing statewide jurisdiction. The nation’s largest state police force is California Highway Patrol. The directors of highway patrols or state police are appointed by the Governors. Tasks done by state police agencies include assisting the local police departments in criminal investigations, patrolling the state’s highways, training municipal and country police, maintaining centralized crime records for the state, and operate a crime lab. Federal Police Within the executive branch of the national government lies the federal law enforcement. The FBI, or Federal Bureau of Investigation, is a part of this federal organization. The FBI investigates several categories of federal crimes. Their focus is on protecting the nation from threats, such as terrorism, organized crime, drug trafficking, white collar crimes, and violent crimes, such as kidnappings and bank robberies as well as civil-rights crimes. The FBI is equipped with crime labs, fingerprint files, crime statistics, and a training academy, which enables them to assist state, local, and other federal agencies. Due to the increases in organized crimes, the FBI also has wiretapping authority. Federal officers have jurisdiction nationwide. The Department of Homeland Security is another branch containing federal law enforcement agencies. Some of DHS agencies are: United States Secret Service- which is responsible for apprehending anyone caught counterfeiting U. S. money. They are also responsible for the protection of other officials of the federal government and for protecting the president. Immigration and Customs Enforcement- enforces the flow of immigrants into the United States. INS agents deport aliens who break the United States naturalization laws. They are also responsible for the patrol of the United States border to stop illegal immigrants from entering the country. In the 1990s, INS agents focused on the Mexican-U. S. border, where large numbers of illegal immigrants and huge amounts of illicit drugs entered the United States. INS agents arrest hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants each year, but the number making it safely into the United States still exceeded the number arrested. † (The Nature of Police Work) Customs and Border Protection and Transportation Security Administration also fall under this agency. Conclusion Patrol and criminal investigation used to dominate policing. Uniformed officers would roam the streets interrupting crime and trying to prevent them from happening. There are different strategies to policing. These strategies include patrol, special operations, and investigations. There are changes that can be made in laws to impact the field of policing. Local police departments can reduce corruption by keeping a closer eye on the department and listening to the community. Bad seeds would have to be removed from all areas of policing. These departments can also form a positive relationship with the public by showing they are doing more than making arrests. Federal agencies are sometimes limited in the information they can share with other departments, but if there is something useful, they can pass the information along to help all agencies out. There are many functions to policing. While police are heroes to a lot of people, they are not just out fighting crime and locking up the bad guys. They are there for us when we need them, regardless if our cat is stuck in a tree or we have a runaway teenager. Different agencies perform at different levels each having different duties. Once we understand what different agencies are able to do, we understand policing better.

Get Excellent Ideas for Topics of Illustration Essays

Get Excellent Ideas for Topics of Illustration Essays Writing an illustrative paper is not easy. Even more difficult is to find a suitable topic for it. But don’t worry because we’ll simplify all this for you. In this article, you learn what this kind of essay is and how to decide a topic for it. You can choose any of our suggested topics as well. They are perfect because they have been proposed by our experts who have years of experience. What Is an Illustration Essay? The Basics Before discussing the process of selection of good illustration essay topics for your papers, it is advisable to discuss the concept of this kind of paper quickly. As the name shows, it’s a paper that illustrates a topic. It can be a process, a strategy, a plan, or anything that can be described. Such essays have a lot of depth to them because the narrator has to covey intricate details to the readers. To write such a paper, you need to have: Excellent vocabulary and know-how of the technical terms involved. The ability to imagine the finest details of the process so that you can convey them. The skill to describe things and find good examples. How to Come Up with Interesting Illustration Essay Topics If the teacher has already decided the topic for you, clearly you just have to write a paper on it following the guidelines we provide about the actual writing process. But if you are leveraged to pick up a topic of your choice, don’t go for the most difficult college illustration essay topics. You might select them in an attempt to cover a unique area, and later, you might find it hard to access the relevant information. On the other hand, don’t pick the easiest topics as well. Your readers need to sense that reading the paper will add to their knowledge. So look for best illustration essay topics in the middle range between the common and rare ones. Interesting topics are related to engaging themes. They include acting, performing arts, fashion, diet, games, and vacations. You may even come up with interesting topics on the themes of education and relationships as well. Some Excellent Illustration Essay Topics for College Students In this guide, we offer you some topics that are teachers’ favorite. At the same time, they are relatively unique and have a huge potential for being informative if written the right way. Our topics relate to all sorts of areas. You will find topics related to games, education, and exercise, among other fields. We want to provide a lot of options for every writer. Therefore, our suggested topics belong to different areas of knowledge. They include: How coaches train football players? How to learn swimming for the Olympics? Difference between football and basketball. How to bring a balance between school and home activities? My first-day playing cricket. Importance of deploying psychological counselors at schools. Studying habits that make students high achievers. How to live on a budget in Dubai? Life, profession, and experiences of a teacher. How can a newcomer adjust in hostel life? How to make a cake? Easy tips to overcome your fears. Describe a fear you’ve had and how you took control over it. The role of music in exercise and workout. What is it like to be a vegan? How does it feel to be a nonnative in the country you have immigrated to? How to be proactive and avoid procrastination? Take a good look at all these great topics to write an illustration essay on. You might observe that you can demonstrate processes and/or examples in almost every single paper. That’s the beauty of this kind of paper. How to Write This Kind of Paper Finding good topics for an illustration essay is the first challenge you have to deal with. But the difficulties don’t stop there. You should know how to logically construct the paper so that all details are sufficiently covered. Let us elaborate on the process of writing with the help of an example. Suppose you have to be a writer and produce a paper on the topic – how expats live in Dubai. In the introductory section of the paper, you can identify the different categories of expats in Dubai. It’s important to identify those categories because the lifestyle of an expat depends upon a lot of factors, especially his/her origin. Suppose you identify four classes of expats in Dubai Europeans, Africans, Arab, and South Asians. You can divide the body of the paper into four paragraphs – one for each class of expats. In those paragraphs, you can touch upon several topics for illustration essay considering an average day in the life of an expat. They include people’s food, work routine, outdoor activities, shopping, and family time, etc. Finally, you will conclude your paper summing up all information. Do You Need an Expert to Suggest You a Topic? We’re sure if you needed a topic from the themes we have covered, you might have found one that you like. But if you think that the theme you wanted the topic from has not been covered, there’s still nothing to worry about. Let us know which theme or area you want the topics to be from, and our writers will devise interesting and easy illustration essay topics from that field. The process of placing an order at our site is fundamental. You just have to fill out a form, and the guru will start looking for the best topic options for you. We devise topics related to all kinds of fields, and our gurus are subject experts. You can totally count on our writers’ help. So when are you placing the order? Tell us your instructions now.

Proper Military and Professional Bearing Essay Example

Proper Military and Professional Bearing Essay Example Proper Military and Professional Bearing Paper Proper Military and Professional Bearing Paper Proper Military and Professional Bearing, Order, Discipline, and Respect IAW AR 600-20 FM 6-22 1. Military Discipline a. Military discipline is founded upon self-discipline, respect for properly constituted authority, and the embracing of the professional Army ethic with its supporting individual values. Military discipline will be developed by individual and group training to create a mental attitude resulting in proper conduct and prompt obedience to lawful military authority. b. While military discipline is the result of effective training, it is affected by every feature of military life. It is manifested in individuals and units by cohesion, bonding, and a spirit of teamwork; by smartness of appearance and action; by cleanliness and maintenance of dress, equipment, and quarters; by deference to seniors and mutual respect between senior and subordinate personnel; by the prompt and willing execution of both the letter and the spirit of the legal orders of their lawful commanders; and by fairness, justice, and equity for all Soldiers, regardless of race, religion, color, gender, and national origin. c. c. Commanders and other leaders will maintain discipline according to the policies of this chapter, applicable laws and regulations, and the orders of seniors. 2. Obedience to orders a. All persons in the military service are required to strictly obey and promptly execute the legal orders of their lawful seniors. 3. Military Courtesy a. Courtesy among members of the Armed Forces is vital to maintain military discipline. Respect to seniors will be extended at all times (see AR 600–25, chap 4). b. The actions of military personnel will reflect respect to both the national anthem and the national colors. The courtesies listed in AR 600–25, appendix A, should be rendered the national colors and national anthem at public events whether the Soldier is off or on duty, whether he or she is in or out of uniform. Intentional disrespect to the national colors or national anthem is conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline and discredits the military service. 4. Soldier Conduct a. Ensuring the proper conduct of Soldiers is a function of command. Commanders and leaders in the Army whether on or off duty or in a leave status, will- (1) Ensure all military personnel present a neat, soldierly appearance. 2) Take action consistent with Army regulation in any case where a Soldier’s conduct violates good order and military discipline. b. On public conveyances in the absence of military police, the person in charge of the conveyance will be asked to notify the nearest military police and arrange to have them, if necessary, take custody of military personnel. In serious situation s, such as physical assault, the person in charge of the conveyance will be asked to stop at the first opportunity and request local police assistance. In all such cases, the local police will be advised to telephone (collect) the nearest Army post or Army headquarters. c. When an offense endangering the reputation of the Army is committed elsewhere (not on a public conveyance) and military police are not available, civilian police will be requested to take appropriate action. d. When military police are not present, the senior officer, WO, or NCO present will obtain the Soldier’s name, grade, social security number, organization, and station. The information and a statement of the circumstances will be sent to the Soldier’s commanding officer without delay. If the Soldier is turned over to the civilian police, the above information will be sent to the civilian police for transmittal to the proper military authorities. 5. Maintenance of Order a. the Navy and Coast Guard shore patrols are authorized and directed to apprehend Armed Forces members who commit offenses punishable under the UCMJ. Officers, WOs, NCOs, and petty officers of the Armed Forces are authorized and directed to quell all quarrels, frays, and disorders among persons subject to military law and to apprehend participants. Those exercising this authority should do so with judgment and tact. Personnel so apprehended will be returned to the jurisdiction of their respective Service as soon as practical. Confinement of females will be according to AR 190–47. 6. Exercising Military Authority a. Military authority is exercised promptly, firmly, courteously and fairly. Commanders should consider administrative corrective measures before deciding to impose nonjudicial punishment. Trial by court-martial is ordinarily inappropriate for minor offenses unless lesser forms of administering discipline would be ineffective (see MCM, Part V, and chap 3, AR 27–10). b. One of the most effective administrative corrective measures is extra training or instruction (including on-the-spot correction). For example, if Soldiers appear in an improper uniform, they are required to correct it immediately; if they do not maintain their housing area properly, they must correct the deficiency in a timely manner. If Soldiers have training deficiencies, they will be required to take extra training or instruction in subjects directly related to the shortcoming. (1) The training, instruction, or correction given to a Soldier to correct deficiencies must be directly related to the deficiency. It must be oriented to improving the Soldier’s performance in his or her problem area. Corrective measures may be taken after normal duty hours. Such measures assume the nature of training or instruction, not punishment. Corrective training should continue only until the training deficiency is overcome. Authority to use it is part of the inherent powers of command. (2) Care should be taken at all levels of command to ensure that training and instruction are not used in an oppressive manner to evade the procedural safeguards applying to imposing nonjudicial punishment. Deficiencies satisfactorily corrected by means of training and instruction will not be noted in the official records of the Soldiers concerned. 7. Relationships between Soldiers of different rank a. The term officer, as used in this paragraph, includes both commissioned and warrant officers unless otherwise stated. The provisions of this paragraph apply to both relationships between Army personnel (to include dual-status military technicians in the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard) and between Army personnel and personnel of other military services. This policy is effective immediately, except where noted below, and applies to different-gender relationships and same-gender relationships. b. Relationships between Soldiers of different rank are prohibited if they- (1) Compromise, or appear to compromise, the integrity of supervisory authority or the chain of command. (2) Cause actual or perceived partiality or unfairness. (3) Involve, or appear to involve, the improper use of rank or position for personal gain. (4) Are, or are perceived to be, exploitative or coercive in nature. 5) Create an actual or clearly predictable adverse impact on discipline, authority, morale, or the ability of the command to accomplish its mission. c. Certain types of personal relationships between officers and enlisted personnel are prohibited. Prohibited relationships include- (1) Ongoing business relationships between officers and enlisted personnel. This prohibition does not apply to landlord/tenant relationships or to one-time transactions such as the sale of an automobile or house, but does apply to borrowing or lending money, commercial solicitation, and any other type of on-going financial or business relationship. Business relationships which exist at the time this policy becomes effective, and that were authorized under previously existing rules and regulations, are exempt until March 1, 2000. In the case of Army National Guard or United States Army Reserve personnel, this prohibition does not apply to relationships that exist due to their civilian occupation or employment. (2) Dating, shared living accommodations other than those directed by operational requirements, and intimate or sexual relationships between officers and enlisted personnel. This prohibition does not apply to- (a) Marriages. When evidence of fraternization between an officer and enlisted member prior to their marriage exists, their marriage does not preclude appropriate command action based on the prior fraternization. Commanders have a wide range of responses available including counseling, reprimand, order to cease, reassignment, administrative action or adverse action. Commanders must carefully consider all of the facts and circumstances in reaching a disposition that is appropriate. Generally, the commander should take the minimum action necessary to ensure that the needs of good order and discipline are satisfied. b) Situations in which a relationship that complies with this policy would move into non-compliance due to a change in status of one of the members (for instance, a case where two enlisted members are dating and one is subsequently commissioned or selected as a warrant officer). In relationships where one of the enlisted members has entered into a program intended to result in a change in their status from enlisted to officer, the couple must terminate the relationship permanently or marry within either ne year of the actual start date of the program, before the change in status occurs, or within one year of the publication date of this regulation, whichever occurs later. (c) Personal relationships between members of the National Guard or Army Reserve, when the relationship primarily exists due to civilian acquaintanceships, unless the individuals are on active duty (other than annual training), on full-time National Guard duty (other than annual training), or serving as a dual status military technician. d) Personal relationships between members of the Regular Army and members of the National Guard or Army Reserve when the relationship primarily exists due to civilian association and the Reserve component member is not on active duty (other than annual training), on full-time National Guard duty (other than annual training), or serving as a dual status military tech nician. e) Prohibited relationships involving dual status military technicians, which were not prohibited under previously existing rules and regulations, are exempt until one year of publication date of this regulation. (f) Soldiers and leaders share responsibility, however, for ensuring that these relationships do not interfere with good order and discipline. Commanders will ensure that personal relationships that exist between Soldiers of different ranks emanating from their civilian careers will not influence training, readiness, or personnel actions. 3) Gambling between officers and enlisted personnel. d. These prohibitions are not intended to preclude normal team building associations that occur in the context of activities such as community organizations, religious activities, Family gatherings, unit-based social functions, or athletic teams or events. e. All military personnel share the responsibility for maintaining professional relationships. However, in any relationship between Soldiers of different grade or rank, the senior member is generally in the best position to terminate or limit the extent of the relationship. Nevertheless, all members may be held accountable for relationships that violate this policy. f. Commanders should seek to prevent inappropriate or unprofessional relationships through proper training and leadership by example. Should inappropriate relationships occur, commanders have available a wide range of responses. These responses may include counseling, reprimand, order to cease, reassignment, or adverse action. Potential adverse action may include official reprimand, adverse evaluation report(s), nonjudicial punishment, separation, bar to reenlistment, promotion denial, demotion, and courts martial. Commanders must carefully consider all of the facts and circumstances in reaching a disposition that is warranted, appropriate, and fair. 8. Hazing a. The Army has been and continues to be a values-based organization where everyone is encouraged to do what is right by treating others as they should be treated- with dignity and respect. Hazing is fundamentally in opposition to our values and is prohibited. b. Definition. Hazing is defined as any conduct whereby one military member or employee, regardless of Service or rank, unnecessarily causes another military member or employee, regardless of Service or rank, to suffer or be exposed to an activity that is cruel, abusive, oppressive, or harmful. 1) Hazing includes, but is not limited, to any form of initiation rite of passage or congratulatory act that involves: physically striking another in order to inflict pain; piercing another’s skin in any manner; forcing or requiring the consumption of excessive amounts of food, alcohol, drugs, or other substances; or encouraging another to engage in illegal, harmful, demeaning or dangerous acts. Soliciting or coercing another to part icipate in any such activity is also considered hazing. Hazing need not involve physical contact among or between military members or employees; it can be verbal or psychological in nature. (2) When authorized by the chain of command and not unnecessarily cruel, abusive, oppressive, or harmful, the following activities do not constitute hazing: (a) The physical and mental hardships associated with operations or operational training. (b) Administrative corrective measures, including verbal reprimands and a reasonable number of repetitions of authorized physical exercises. (c) Extra military instruction or training. d) Physical training or remedial physical training. (e) Other similar activities. (3) Whether or not such actions constitute hazing, they may be inappropriate or violate relevant civilian personnel guidance, depending on the type of activities and the assigned duties of the employee involved. c. Scope. Hazing is not limited to superior-subordinate relationships. It may occur between peers or even, under certain circumstances, ma y involve actions directed towards senior military personnel by those junior in rank or grade to them (for example, a training instructor hazing a student who is superior in rank). Hazing has at times occurred during graduation ceremonies or similar military rites of passage. However, it may also happen in day-to-day military settings. It is prohibited in all cases, to include off-duty or unofficial celebrations or unit functions. Express or implied consent to hazing is not a defense to violation of this regulation. d. Command responsibilities. Enforcement of this policy is a responsibility of commanders at all levels. Commanders will devote particular attention to graduation or advancement ceremonies as well as other occasions or settings that might put Soldiers at risk for voluntary or involuntary hazing. These situations will be supervised properly, respectful of all participants, perpetuate the best of the traditions that the Army embraces, and leave all participants and spectators feeling proud to be a member of or associated with the U. S. Army. e. Command options. This paragraph is punitive with regards to Soldiers. Violators of this policy may be subject to Article 92 of the UCMJ (Failure to obey a lawful general order or regulation). Other applicable UCMJ articles include Article 80 (Attempts), Article 81 (Conspiracy), Article 93 (Cruelty and maltreatment), Article 124 (Maiming), Article 128 (Assault), Article 133 (Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman), and Article 134 (Drunk and disorderly conduct, and/or Soliciting another to commit an offense). Civilian employees who violate this policy may also be subject to adverse action or discipline in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Commanders should seek the advice and counsel of their legal advisor when taking actions pursuant to this paragraph.